CAT Prep
Prepare for CAT by reviewing every attempt through score, timing, confidence, and mistake patterns.
Practise inside the decision environment.
Section timers, answer states, confidence, and review markers make every attempt a record of decisions, not just answers.
Separate knowledge from judgement.
After submission, inspect score, time, confidence, guesses, slow correct answers, and expensive wrong turns.
Know what to practise next.
Each attempt should sharpen a personal CAT Memory Map: concepts, question types, traps, confidence, speed, and next practice.
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Quant formula sheet
Quick reference for high-frequency CAT Quant formulas before practice.
Percentages Change, comparison, successive percentage
Percentagex% of y = xy/100
Percentage change((New - Old) / Old) x 100
Successive changea% and b% = a + b + ab/100
Value after changeNew = Old x (1 +/- r/100)
Population after n yearsP(1 +/- r/100)n
Profit, Loss and Discount Marked price, selling price, net change
Profit %((SP - CP) / CP) x 100
Loss %((CP - SP) / CP) x 100
SP from profitSP = CP x (100 + profit%)/100
SP from lossSP = CP x (100 - loss%)/100
Discount %((MP - SP) / MP) x 100
Successive discountsNet discount = a + b - ab/100
Simple and Compound Interest SI, CI, instalments, growth
Simple interestSI = PRT/100
Simple amountA = P + SI
Compound amountA = P(1 + r/100)n
Compound interestCI = A - P
Half-yearly compoundingA = P(1 + r/200)2n
Quarterly compoundingA = P(1 + r/400)4n
Ratio, Proportion and Variation Sharing, direct and inverse variation
Proportiona:b = c:d means ad = bc
Fourth proportionalIf a:b = c:x, then x = bc/a
Mean proportionalx = sqrt(ab)
Direct variationy = kx
Inverse variationxy = k
Partnership shareProfit ratio = capital x time
Averages, Mixtures and Alligation Weighted average, replacement, mixing
AverageSum of values / number of values
Weighted average(w1x1 + w2x2 + ...)/(w1 + w2 + ...)
Combined average(n1a1 + n2a2)/(n1 + n2)
Alligation ratioCheaper : Dearer = (Dearer - Mean) : (Mean - Cheaper)
ReplacementFinal quantity = Initial x (1 - removed/total)n
Time and Work Efficiency, pipes, combined work
Work rateIf A finishes in x days, A's rate = 1/x
Combined rate1/T = 1/a + 1/b + 1/c
EfficiencyEfficiency is inversely proportional to time
Man-daysWork = people x days x hours x efficiency
Pipes and cisternsNet rate = filling rates - emptying rates
Time, Speed and Distance Relative speed, trains, boats, races
Basic relationDistance = Speed x Time
Average speedTotal distance / total time
Equal distancesAverage speed = 2xy/(x + y)
Relative speed same direction|x - y|
Relative speed opposite directionx + y
Boat downstreamSpeed = boat speed + stream speed
Boat upstreamSpeed = boat speed - stream speed
Numbers Factors, remainders, divisibility, HCF and LCM
Number of factorsIf N = paqbrc, factors = (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)
Sum of factors(pa+1 - 1)/(p - 1) x (qb+1 - 1)/(q - 1) ...
Product of factorsNnumber of factors / 2
HCF x LCMFor two numbers, HCF x LCM = product of numbers
Remaindera = bq + r, where 0 <= r < b
Euler ideaIf a and n are coprime, aphi(n) leaves remainder 1 modulo n
Algebra Identities, equations, progressions
Square identity(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
Difference squarea2 - b2 = (a - b)(a + b)
Cube identitya3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2)
Quadratic rootsx = [-b +/- sqrt(b2 - 4ac)] / 2a
AP nth terman = a + (n - 1)d
AP sumSn = n/2[2a + (n - 1)d]
GP nth terman = arn-1
GP sumSn = a(rn - 1)/(r - 1), r != 1
Geometry Triangles, circles, polygons, coordinate geometry
Triangle area1/2 x base x height
Heron's formulaArea = sqrt[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)], s = (a+b+c)/2
Equilateral triangle area(sqrt3/4)a2
PythagorasHypotenuse2 = base2 + height2
Circle areapi r2
Circle circumference2 pi r
Arc length(theta/360) x 2 pi r
Sector area(theta/360) x pi r2
Polygon interior sum(n - 2) x 180 degrees
Distance formulasqrt[(x2 - x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2]
Mensuration Surface area and volume
Cuboid volumelbh
Cuboid surface area2(lb + bh + hl)
Cube volumea3
Cube surface area6a2
Cylinder volumepi r2h
Cylinder curved surface area2 pi rh
Cone volume1/3 pi r2h
Sphere volume4/3 pi r3
Sphere surface area4 pi r2
Permutation, Combination and Probability Counting and expected chance
Factorialn! = n x (n-1) x ... x 1
PermutationnPr = n!/(n-r)!
CombinationnCr = n!/[r!(n-r)!]
Circular arrangement(n - 1)!
ProbabilityFavourable outcomes / total outcomes
ComplementP(not A) = 1 - P(A)
Independent eventsP(A and B) = P(A)P(B)
Logs and Exponents Power rules, log rules, simplification
Product of powersam x an = am+n
Quotient of powersam / an = am-n
Power of power(am)n = amn
Log productlog(ab) = log a + log b
Log quotientlog(a/b) = log a - log b
Log powerlog(an) = n log a
Change of baselogab = log b / log a
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